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    August 04

    关于真实广亩城市的文章(1)

    背景

    杰斐逊等人主导的《1785年土地规格条例》不仅被清楚地反应在美国地图中西部各州平直的州界上,而且深刻地定义了很多地区的城乡物理格局。(密歇根州东南部有如棋盘一样的路网和哩宽超大街区,是这一条例留下的遗产之一。)

     

    土地被分成一块块一英里见方的正方形,公有的道路从私有财产的地块之间的接缝通过,形成的网格在中西部平坦的原野上绵延千里,直到俄亥俄河谷的山角下才停止。这中间固然有河流切出的不规则形状。而且因河而产生的大城市,比如底特律、克里夫兰和托莱多都是与河流地形对齐,在网格上扭出皱褶。然而,占人造环境90%的市郊和乡村,都是这种均匀的、牛顿力学似的宇宙。

     

    如果以每小时40英里的速度驾车,经过一个街区用1.5分钟。这就是中西部的节奏。赖特广亩城市,就是建立在这样的空间背景之上。

     

    密歇根州底特律北郊的特洛伊市,是赖特广亩城市理想的完整现实版。就连其语境也如此类似。底特律——曾经的工业大都市——如图赖特所说“消失的城市”一样,失去了多数曾经有过的内容。居住区成为荒草丛生的旷野,野生动物居住其中。不但中产阶级居住区,连工商业也离开了城市,融化在绵延百里的,如同特洛伊这样的广亩城市中。

     

    75号州际高速69号出口出来,会进入条6车道的大路,这是有人告诉你,这就是特洛伊的市中心。这就是市中心吗?所见的就是无边无际的停车场中间矗立着一些大建筑。特洛伊的购物中心,状若大机场候机楼;而其他的建筑,也无非像些小点的机场,或者干脆像飞机本身。

     

    法律规定12岁以下的孩子必须有成年人贴身照顾,而16岁就可以开车,因此每个特洛伊人只有4年时间有可能被大人扔下而自己又没法开车的尴尬岁月,此外,他们的人生简简单单:除了和自己的车呆在一起外别无选择。

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    hui renwrote:
    啊,美国人民的生活真是水深火热啊
    Aug. 6
    Chen Liwrote:
    你简直能编本规划史教科书了。
    Aug. 5

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